MALT+Design+Project+1+Page+2

= =


 * MALT Design Project #1 Page 2**

Research on Mac OS X and Steve Jobs

Approaches by Lilly Pierre and Mie Buskirk.
 * Lilly takes on Android, a mobile operating system by Google and adds the thoughts on Steve Jobs.


 * Mie takes on Mac OS X, Object-oriented, multi-tasking Operating System, by Apple with the thoughts of Apple CEO, Steve Jobs.

1. **Lilly's Research - Android Design**

Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California, United States in October, 2003 by Andy Rubin (co-founder of Danger), Rich Miner (co-founder of Wildfire Communications, Inc.), Nick Sears (once VP at T-Mobile), and Chris White (headed design and interface development at WebTV) to develop, in Rubin's words "...smarter mobile devices that are more aware of its owner's location and preferences". Despite the obvious past accomplishments of the founders and early employees, Android Inc. operated secretively, revealing only that it was working on software for mobile phones. Eventually Rubin’s finances were exhausted. __Background__: Google acquired Android Inc. in August 2005, making Android Inc. a wholly owned subsidiary of Google Inc. Android is the open-source operating system (unlike the Apple OS) for smartphones. Think of it like Windows for computers. Android’s open sources operating system, meaning anyone can go online and download the source code completely free. Presently, Andy is Senior Vice President of Mobile at Google, where he is overseeing development of Android. Rubin has four patents for his inventions. __The Android Vision__: Cool Apps that surprise and delight mobile users--built by developers in markets of educational/reference, games; casual/puzzle, arcade/action, social networking, lifestyle, productivity/tools, media, entertainment, travel and others. The Apps are innovative, creative, functional and original. The android platform introduces great new ideas, a new angle on social applications. Androids unique and compelling features, such as built in location based services, accelerometer and gateways on networking make it a leader in the mobile device world. Android’s appeal is sleek, has touch screen capability, ease of use and is aesthetically appealing. Indispensability is one question that the developers constantly ask themselves as well as is the App compelling and essential, such as a game the user just can't put down, or a utility we can't live without.

The android developer writes code in C, C++, Java VM, Dalvil VM, and Linux. It runs a JIT Compilation. It is portable, with register based architecture. Originally launching in September of 2008 on the HTC Dream (G1) it has since expanded to one of the largest growing mobile operating systems. Many manufacturers’ hopped on the chance to use a free and impressive operating system. HTC, LG, Samsung, Motorola and many others have made millions of dollars thanks to the Android Operating System. Often code named after sweets, Android was first released for smartphones with Android 1.0 on the HTC dream which was then followed by Android 1.1, 1.5 Cupcake,1.6 Donut, 2.0/2.1 Eclair, 2.2 Froyo, 2.3 Gingerbread, and 3.0/3.1 Honeycomb. The next stable update has been confirmed as Ice Cream Sandwich. I am sure computers/smartphones will be a lot more diverse in the future years to come. As a result, entering the consumer worldwide market, Smartphones are getting thinner and cheaper. For the past few years smartphones have been aimed at prosumers, or “professional consumers” (prosumers can also refer to “production consumers”, or consumers who drive the design, production and alteration of a product). Smartphone developers find prosumers very useful when designing applications and hardware. As prosumers pick and choose the phones that offer the applications they want, developers can tweak designs and move towards mass production. Analysts predict that one billion smartphone handsets will be sold by year end 2011 __Features:__ A smartphone can take care of all of your handheld computing and communication needs in a single, small package. It's not so much a distinctive class of products as it is a different set of standards for cell phones to live up to. Since cell phones and PDAs are the most common handheld devices today, a smartphone is usually either a phone with added PDA capabilities or a PDA with added phone capabilities. Here's a list of some of the things smartphones can do: •Send and receive mobile phone calls – some smartphones are also WiFi capable •Personal Information Management (PIM) including notes, calendar and to-do list •Communication with laptop or desktop computers •Data synchronization with applications like Microsoft Outlook and Apple's iCal calendar programs •E-mail •Instant messaging •Applications such as word processing programs or video games •Play audio and video files in some standard formats Unlike many traditional cell phones, smartphones allow individual users to install, configure and run applications of their choosing. A smartphone offers the ability to configure the device to your particular desire. Most traditional cell-phone software offers only limited choices for re-configuration, forcing you to adapt to the way its set up. On a standard phone, whether or not you like the built-in calendar application, you are stuck with it except for a few minor tweaks. If that phone were a smartphone, you could install any compatible calendar application you like. Icons found on the Smartphone: Launcher Icons - A Launcher icon is a graphic that represents your application on the device's Home screen and in the Launcher window. Menu Icons - Menu icons are graphical elements placed in the options menu shown to users when they press the Menu button. Status Bar Icons - Status bar icons are used to represent notifications from your application in the status bar. Tab Icons - Tab icons are graphical elements used to represent individual tabs in a multi-tab interface. Dialog Icons - Dialog icons are shown in pop-up dialog boxes that prompt the user for interaction. List View Icons - List view icons are used with ListView to graphically represent list items. An example is the Settings application. __Future__: Great news for future computer programmers, As technology becomes more and more prevalent in today’s industries and world, we will see an increase for the need of good, skilled software developers, right now, in 2011 there is a bit of a settled curve in most industries, however we are seeing that as people use more Personal Digital Assistants, various all in ones and new multifunction phones and related tools are being made, the need for software programming is on the rise! As far as jobs are concerned, future applications promise to be even more impressive. For example, there are phones utilizing near field communication (NFC) to allow the phone to act as a wireless credit card. The phone uses a two-way communication system to transfer payment information to pads at certain retail stores. Currently, it’s still in the trial phase of development. The Bureau of Labor Statistics indicated an increase in the need for software developers – starting in 2008 and increasing ever since. The Bureau states: “…Job prospects. As a result of rapid employment growth over the 2008 to 2018 decade, job prospects for computer software engineers should be excellent. Those with practical experience and at least a bachelor’s degree in a computer-related field should have the best opportunities. Employers will continue to seek computer professionals with strong programming, systems analysis, interpersonal, and business skills. In addition to jobs created through employment growth, many job openings will result from the need to replace workers who move into managerial positions, transfer to other occupations, or leave the labor force. Consulting opportunities for computer software engineers also should continue to grow as businesses seek help to manage, upgrade, and customize their increasingly complicated computer systems.” What it appears, that the need will be for developers in the area of Web Based Computer Software Technologies, PDA and Multifunction Phone (Mobile devices) Technologies, any aspect of Cloud Computing and putting information on the web for ease of access by users. In another vein, Android doesn't generate revenue for Google, and likely never will--at least in the direct sense, according to Andy Rubin, Google's director of mobile platforms in a CNET interview, “Google and the world will benefit from any device created with the intent of getting more people onto the Internet…, Android holds the most promise of reaching that goal.”

Sources: eCommerce Times electronics – How stuff works Articlesbase.com – Future of computing Wikipedia news.cnet.com Android.com

2. **Mie's Research** Question: the designer/s (who they are, backgrounds, and why they were selected) 1. Who they are? 1-1. Apple Inc. (CEO Steve Jobs) 1-2. Steve Jobs
 * Mac OS X Design**
 * Started as a Video game designer for Atari.
 * Left Reed College.
 * Met Stephen Wozniak (computer engineer at Hewlett Packard)
 * Founded Apple Inc.

2. Backgrounds and why they were selected
 * In 1985, Jobs left Apple and founded the company, NeXT.
 * NeXT released the object-oriented, muilti-tasking operating system, called NeXTSTEP. NeXTSTEP is a Unix-like operating system based on the Mac kernel, plus the source code from BSD.
 * Distinctive feature of the Object-C language made the writing of applications with NeXTSTEP far easier than on many other competing operating system.
 * NeXTSTEP became OPENSTEP and was selected to be the basis of Apple’s next OS. Apple purchased NeXT and Jobs returned to Apple as interim CEO, then later became CEO.

Question: the design environment (where, when, social /technological space) 1. Where & when?
 * Virtually anywhere, anytime - Desktop, Server, Consumer devices (iOS based on Mac OS X, runs on the iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, 2G-Apple TV).

2. Social/Technological Space
 * Mac OS X is a closed source code, with an exception of software as a free and open source operating system named Darwin.
 * Mac OS X supports Java Platform meaning that the application written in Java fit into the OS.
 * Mac OS X included X11.app, Apple version of the X Windows System GUI for Unix applications.
 * Mac OS X features Aqua theme. It brought more texture and color to the user interface. Mac OS X includes its own software development tools. A integrated development environment provides interfaces to compilers that support several programming languages including C, C++, Objective C, and Java.

Question: the design parameters (timeline, pressure, financial, specifications)
 * Mac OS X is a direct descendant of NeXTSTEP. Original creation was done in NeXTSTEP.
 * In 1985, Jobs ousted from Apple after a power struggle with Sculley, resigned with $150 million, but personally hurt.
 * Jobs was joined by former Apple employees in his new company NeXT. After consulting with major educational buyers from around the countries, a tentative spec for the workstation was drawn up. Before the spec was finished, Apple sued NeXT for “nefarious schemes” to take advantage of the cofounders’ inside information. Jobs remarked “It is hard to think that $2 billion company with 4,300+ people couldn’t compete with six people in blue jeans.” The suit was dropped.
 * Jobs received investment from Ross Perot, an American businessman from Texas. In 1987, he invested $20 million in exchange for 16% of NeXT stocks.
 * Apple Computer purchased NeXT in 1996. Steve Jobs restructured the company board of directors. Over the next five years the NeXTSTEP operating system was ported to the PowerPC architecture, and the Intel port and the OpenStep Enterprise toolkit for Windows were kept in sync.
 * The operation systems were code named Rhapsody. The toolkit for development for all other platforms were called “Yellow Box.” For backwards compatibility for existing Macintosh applications to be run is called “Blue Box.”
 * In 1999, a server version of the new operating system was released as Mac OS X Server 1.0.

Question: the design inspiration (why, motivation, customer expectations) 1. Mac OS X design came from Steve Jobs’s philosophy. 2. Jobs felt stymied by Apple’s corporate structure and determined to avoid the bureaucratic infighting that led to his resignation. 3. Jobs’ Focus - Focus on the customer, client, user experience. 4. Jobs built a culture that transcends a leadership 5. Jobs controls the message, stay consistent Jobs' presentations for new products shows how he reaches out to audience, user, and clients. 6. Jobs follows Zen philosophy - Simplicity
 * When Jobs announced 99-cent music downloads, a lot of people thought it was crazy, because people were used to downloading music online for free. At the same time, the music industry balked at what it perceived as a rock-bottom price per song. He stuck to his guns, and he was right. Jobs' apparent stubbornness is an outcropping of his deep convictions about user experience. Users don't always know what they want. Steve Jobs does, and he gives them what they want. (remarks by Gallo’s article)
 * Jobs surrounded himself with people who shares his passion for design, user experience, and excellence.
 * He built a culture within the company that puts user first. His idiosyncratic leadership style, hyperbolic presentations, and fiercely hands-on management (i.e. micromanagement) approach have inspired the envy of executives and the fear of more than a few employees and competitors.
 * Jobs' long term interest in Zen brought Apple to its success. One of Zen philosophy is Simplicity. He fostered the simplicity around the design of mac products. Mac OS X is one of them

7. Comparison between Apple iOS vs. Android OS 7-1. Apple iOS 7-2. Android OS 7-3. Solution for the problem on syncing Android with Mac 7-4. Future in mobile phone market >
 * Apple iOS was originally developed for iPhones, now being used in iPod, iPad, and Apple TVs. Apple iOS is a proprietary OS by Apple and can be executed in Apple devices only (iPad, iPhones, and iPod Touch).
 * First version of Android OS is called Cupcake (Android 1.5, Based on Linux Kernel). Since the kernel (main component of their operating system) is Linux, written in Open Source Code, Android OS is written in Open Source Code.Later, they call every new version as Donut, Eclair, Froyo, Gingerbread, and Honeycomb. The next version will be Icecream.
 * Google Cloud services enables headache-free syncing between Mac and Android to sync Contacts, Calendars, Music, Photos, etc.
 * Google Cloud services' advantage - enables faster collaboration, immense security investment
 * Google’s Android and Apple’s iOS continue march to smartphone domination in the mobile phone market. As this competition continues, new designs contribute to a new product and phone users will benefit from it.

Bonus: Steve Jobs' Top 10 Quote __[]__

Slide Presentation Link: []

__[]__ __[]__ __[]__ __[]__ __[]__ __[]__ []
 * Sources:**